Randall Group Publications

• Refereed publications
• Theses and Dissertations

Refereed Publications

• Benedict, J., and D. A. Randall, 2007: Observed Characteristics of the MJO Relative to Maximum Rainfall. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2332-2354.
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• DeMott, C., and D. A. Randall, 2007: Convective precipitation variability as a tool for general circulation model analysis. J. Climate, 20, 91-112.
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• Jung, J.-H., and A. Arakawa, 2008: A three-dimensional anelastic model based on the vector vorticity equation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 276-294.
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• Khairoutdinov, M., C. A. DeMott, and D. A. Randall, 2007: Evaluation of the simulated interannual and subseasonal variability in an AMIP-style simulation using the CSU Multiscale Modeling Framework. Undergoing revision for J. Climate.
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• Konor, C. S., and Arakawa, A., 2007: Multi-Point Explicit Differencing (MED) for Time Integration of The Wave Equation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3862-3875.
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• Randall, D.A., R.A. Wood, S. Bony, R. Colman, T. Fichefet, J. Fyfe, V. Kattsov, A. Pitman, J. Shukla, J. Srinivasan, R.J. Stouffer, A. Sumi and K.E. Taylor, 2007: Cilmate Models and Their Evaluation. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M.C. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, (in press).
• Stan, C., and D. A. Randall, 2007: Potential vorticity as a meridional coordinate. J. Atmos. Sci. , 64, 621-633.
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• Tao, W.-K., J. Chern, R. Atlas, D. A. Randall, X. Lin, M. Khairoutdinov, J.-L. Li, D. E. Waliser, A. Hou, C. Peters-Lidard, W. Lau, and J. Simpson, 2007: A multi-scale modeling system: Developments, Applications, and critical issues. Submitted to J. Geophys. Res.
• Toy, M., and D. A. Randall, 2007: Comment on the article 'Vertical discretizations for compressible Euler equation atmospheric models giving optimal representation of normal modes' by Thuburn and Woollings. Journal of Computational Physics, (2007) 82-88.
• Teixeira, J., B. Stevens, C. S. Bretherton, R. Cederwall, J. D. Doyle, J. C. Golaz, A. Holtslag, S. Klein, J. Lundquist, D. A. Randall, A. P. Siebesma, and P. M. M. Soares, 2007: Parameterization of the atmospheric boundary layer: A view from just above the inversion. Submitted to Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.
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• Tulich, S. N., D. A. Randall, and B. E. Mapes, 2007: Vertical-mode and cloud decomposition of large-scale convectively coupled gravity waves in a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci, 64, 1220-1229.
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• Yamaguchi, T., and D. A. Randall, 2008: Large-eddy simulation of evaporatively driven entrainment in cloud-topped mixed layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1481-1504.
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• Maike Ahlgrimm, David A Randall, 2006: Diagnosing monthly mean boundary layer properties from re-analysis data using a bulk boundary-layer model. J. Atmos. Sci, 63, 998-1012.
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• Bony, S., R. Colman, V. M. Kattsov, R. P. Allen, C. S. Bretherton, J.-L. Dufresne, A. Hall, S. Hallegatte, M. M. Holland, W. Ingram ,D. A. Randall, B. J. Soden, G. Tselioudis, and M. J. Webb, 2006: How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes? J. Climate ,19, 3445-3482.
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• Khairoutdinov, M., and D. A. Randall, 2006: High-resolution simulations of shallow-to-deep convection transition over land. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 3421-3436.
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• Lappen, C.-L., and D. A. Randall, 2006: Parameterization of pressure perturbations in a PBL mass flux model. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1726-1751.
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• Ovtchinnikov, M., T. P. Ackerman, R. T. Marchand, and M. F. Khairoutdinov, 2006: Evaluation of the Multi-scale Modeling Framework using data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program, J. Climate, 19, 1716-1729.
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• Randall, D. A., M. E. Schlesinger, V. Galin, V. Meleshko, J.-J. Morcrette, and R. Wetherald, 2006: Cloud Feedbacks. In Frontiers in the Science of Climate Modeling, J. T. Kiehl and V. Ramanathan, Eds., Cambridge University Press, pp. 217-250
• M. C. Wyant, M. Kairoutdinov, C. S. Bretherton, 2006: Climate sensitivity and cloud response of a GCM with a superparameterization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06714, doi:10.1029/2005GL025464.
• Zupanski, M., S. J Fletcher, I. M. Navon, B. Uzunoglu, R. P. Heikes, D. A. Randall, T. D. Ringler, and D. Daesccu, 2006: Initiation of ensemble data assimilation. Tellus, 58A, 159-170.

• Bonaventura, L. and T. D. Ringler, 2005: Analysis of Discrete Shallow-Water Models on Geodesic Delaunay Grids with C-Type Staggering. Monthly Weather Review, 133, 2351-2373.
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• Bretherton, C.S., P. N. Blossey and M. Khairoutdinov. 2005: An Energy-Balance Analysis of Deep Convective Self-Aggregation above Uniform SST. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, pp. 4273-4292.
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• Cole, J. N., H. W. Barker, D. A. Randall, M. F. Khairoutdinov, and E. Clothiaux, 2005: Interactions between Clouds and Radiation at Scales Unresolved by Global Climate Models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L06703, doi:10.1029/2004GL020945.
• Eitzen, Z., and D. A. Randall, 2005: Numerical simulations of the interactions between gravity waves and convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1480-1496.
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• Khairoutdinov, M., D. A. Randall, and C. DeMott, 2005: Simulation of the atmospheric general circulation using a cloud-resolving model as a super-parameteriztion of physical processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2136-2154.
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• Cara-Lyn Lappen, David A Randall, 2005: Using Idealized Coherent Structures to Parameterize Momentum Fluxes in a PBL Mass-Flux Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2829-2846.
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• Lipscomb, W.H. and T. D. Ringler, 2005: An Incremental Remapping Transport Scheme on a Sherical Geodesic Grid, Monthly Weather Review, 133, 2335-2350.
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• Xie, S., M. Zhang, M. Branson, R. T. Cederwall, A. D. Del Genio , Z. A. Eitzen, S. J. Ghan, S. F. Iacobellis, K. L. Johnson, M. Khairoutdinov , S. A. Klein,, S. K. Krueger, W. Lin, U. Lohmann, M. A. Miller, D. A. Randall, R. C. J. Somerville, Y. C. Sud, G. K. Walker, A. Wolf, X. Wu, K.-M. Xu, J. J. Yio, G. Zhang, and J. Zhang, 2005: Simulations of midlatitude frontal clouds by SCMs and CRMs during the ARM March 2000 Cloud IOP. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15S03, doi:10.1029/2004JD005119
• Xu, K.-M., M. Zhang, Z. A. Eitzen, S. J. Ghan, S. A. Klein, X. Wu, S. Xie, M. Branson, A. D. Del Genio, S. F. Iacobellis, M. Khairoutdinov, W. Lin, U. Lohmann, D. A. Randal, R. C. J. Somerville, Y. C. Sud, G. K. Walker, A. Wolf, J. J. Yio, and J. Zhang, 2005: Modeling springtime shallow frontal clouds with cloud-resolving and single-column models. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15S04, doi:10.1029/2004JD005153.

• Bonaventura, L. and T.D. Ringler, 2004: Analysis of discrete shallow-water models on geodesic Delaunay grids with C-type staggering. under revision, Mon. Wea. Rev.
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• C DeMott, David Randall, 2004: Observed Variations of Tropical CAPE.J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02102, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003784.
• Haertel, P. T., D. A. Randall, and T. G. Jensen, 2004: Toward a Lagrangian ocean model: Simulating upwelling in a large lake using slippery sacks. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 66-77.
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• Iorio, J. P., P. B. Duffy, B. Govindasamy, S. L. Thompson, M. Khairoutdinov, and D. A. Randall, 2004: Effects of model resolution and subgrid-scale physics on the simulation of daily precipitation in the continental United States. Climate Dynamics, 23, 243-258.
• Raisanen, P., H. W. Barker, M. F. Khairoutdinov, J. Li, and D. A. Randall, 2004: Stochastic generation of subgrid-scale cloudy columns for large-scale models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 2047-2068.
• Randall, D. A., and W. H. Schubert, 2004: Dreams of a stratocumulus sleeper. In Atmospheric Turbulence and Mesoscale Meteorology, Cambridge University Press.

• Khairoutdinov, M., and D. A. Randall, 2003: Cloud-resolving modeling of ARM Summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties and sensitivities. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 607-625.
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• Oreopoulos, L., Khairoutdinov, M., 2003: Overlap properties of clouds generated by a cloud-resolving model. J. Geophys. Res., 108, doi: 10.1029/2002JD003329.
• Randall, D. A., M. Khairoutdinov, A. Arakawa, and W. Grabowski, 2003: Breaking the cloud-parameterization deadlock. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 1547-1564.
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• Fowler, L. D., and D. A. Randall, 2002: Interactions between cloud microphysics and cumulus convection in a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3074-3098
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• Haertel, P. T., and D. A. Randall, 2002: Could a pile of slippery sacks behave like an ocean? Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2975-2988.
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• Khairoutdinov, M., and D. A. Randall, 2002: Similarity of deep cumulus convection as revealed by a three-dimensional cloud resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2550-2566.
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• Lin, X., L. D. Fowler, and D. A. Randall, 2002: Flying the TRMM satellite in a GCM. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000619.
• Randall, D. A., T. D. Ringler, R. P. Heikes, P. Jones, and J. Baumgardner, 2002: Climate modeling with spherical geodesic grids. Computing in Science and Engr., 4, 32-41.
• Ringler, T. D., and D. A. Randall, 2002: The ZM grid: An alternative to the Z grid. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1411-1422.
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• Ringler, T. D., and D. A. Randall, 2002: A potential enstrophy and energy conserving numerical scheme for solution of the shallow-water equations on a geodesic grid. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1397-1410.
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• Wielicki, B. A., T. Wong, R. P. Allan, A. Slingo, J. T. Kiehl, B. J. Soden, C. T. Gordon, A. J. Miller, S.-K. Yang, D. A. Randall, F. Robertson, J. Susskind, and H. Jacobowitz, 2002: Evidence for large decadal variability in the tropical mean radiative energy budget. Science, 295, 841-844.
• Xie, S. C., R. T. Cederwall, K.-M. Xu, P. Bechtold, D. G. Cripe, A. D. Del Genio, S. J. Ghan, J. J. Hack, S. F. Iacobellis, S. A. Klein, S. K. Krueger, U. Lohmann, J. C. Petch, D. A. Randall, L. D. Rotstayn, R. J. C. Somerville, Y. C. Sud, K. von Salzen, G. K. Walker, A. Wolf, J. J. Yio, G. Zhang, and M. Zhang, 2002: Intercomparison and evaluation of GCM cumulus parameterizations under summertime midlatitude continental conditions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 1095 - 1136.
• Xu, K.-M., S. K. Krueger, R. T. Cederwall, L. J. Donner, F. Guichard, W. W. Grabowski, D. E. Johnson, M. Khairoutdinov, J. C. Petch, D. A. Randall. C. J. Seman, W.-K. Tao, S. C. Xie, J. J. Yio, and M.-H. Zhang, 2002: An intercomparison of cloud-resolving models with the ARM summer 1997 Intensive Observation Period data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 593-624.

• Maurice Blackmon, Byron Boville, Frank Bryan, Robert Dickinson, Peter Gent, Jeffrey Kiehl, Richard Moritz, David Randall, Jagadish Shukla, Susan Solomon, Gordon Bonan, Scott Doney, Inez Fung, James Hack, Elizabeth Hunke, James Hurrell, John Kutzbach, Jerry Meehl, Bette Otto-Bliesner, R. Saravanan, Edwin K. Schneider, Lisa Sloan, Michael Spall, Karl Taylor, Joseph Tribbia, Warren Washington, 2001: The Community Climate System Model. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 2357-2376.
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• Cripe, D. G., and D. A. Randall, 2001: Joint variations of temperature and water vapor over the midlatitude continents. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2613-2626.
• Kelly, M. A., and D. A. Randall, 2001: The effects of the vertical distribution of water vapor on the strength of the Walker Circulation. J. Climate , 14, 3944-3964.
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• Khairoutdinov, M. F., and D. A. Randall, 2001: A Cloud Resolving Model as a Cloud Parameterization in the NCAR Community Climate System Model: Preliminary Results. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3617-3620.
• Lappen, C.-L, and D. A. Randall, 2001: Towards a unified parameterization of the boundary layer and moist convection. Part I. A new type of mass-flux model. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2021-2036.
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• Lappen, C.-L., and D. A. Randall, 2001: Towards a unified parameterization of the boundary layer and moist convection. Part II. Lateral mass exchanges and sub-plume-scale fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2037-2051.
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• Lappen, C.-L., and D. A. Randall, 2001: Towards a unified parameterization of the boundary layer and moist convection. Part III. Simulations of multiple convective regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2052-2072.
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• Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 2001: Reply to Comments on "A sensitivity study of radiative-convective equilibrium in the tropics with a cloud-resolving model.", J. Atmos Sci., 58, 1334-1338.
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• Xu, K-M., and D. A. Randall, 2001: Explicit simulation of cumulus ensembles with the GATE Phase III data: Budgets of a composite easterly wave. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1571-1591.

• Bounoua, L., G. J. Collatz, S. O. Los, P. J. Sellers, D. A. Dazlich, C. J. Tucker, and D. A. Randall, 2000: Sensitivity of climate to changes in NDVI. J. Climate, 13, 2277-2292.
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• Collatz, G. J., L. Bounoua, S. O. Los, D. A. Randall, P. J. Sellers, and I. Y. Fung, 2000: Influence of vegetation on the diurnal temperature cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3381-3384.
• Curry, J. A., P. V. Hobbs, M. D. King, D. A. Randall, P. Minnis, G. A. Isaac, J. O. Pinto, T. Uttal, A. Bucholtz, D. G. Cripe, H. Gerber, C. W. Fairall, T. J. Garrett, J. Hudson, J. M. Intrieri, C. Jakob, T. Jensen, P. Lawson, D. Marcotte, L. Nguyen, P. Pilewskie, A. Rangno, D. Rodgers, K. B. Strawbridge, F. P. J. Valero, A. G. Williams, and D. Wylie, 2000: FIRE Arctic Clouds Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 5- 29.
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• Ghan, S. J., D. A. Randall, K.-M. Xu, R. Cederwall, D. G. Cripe, J. J. Hack, S. Iacobellis, S. Klein, S. Krueger, U. Lohmann, J. Pedretti, A. Robock, L. Rotstayn, R. Somerville, G. Stenchikov, Y. Sud, G. Walker, S. Xie, J. Yio, and M. Zhang, 2000: An intercomparison of single column model simulations of summertime midlatitude continental convection. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 2091-2124
• Fowler, L. D., B. A. Wielicki, D. A. Randall, M. D. Branson, G. G. Gibson, and F. M. Denn, 2000: Use of a GCM t o explore sampling issues in connection with satellite remote sensing of the Earth?s radiation budget. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20757-20772.
• Lin, X., D. A. Randall, and L. D. Fowler, 2000: Diurnal Variability of the Hydrologic Cycle and Radiative Fluxes: Comparisons between Observations and a GCM. J. Climate, 13, 4159-4179.
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• Ringler, T. D., R. P. Heikes, and D. A. Randall, 2000: Modeling the atmospheric general circulation using a spherical geodesic grid: A new class of dynamical cores. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2471-2490.
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• Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 2000: Explicit simulation of midlatitude cumulus ensembles: Comparison with ARM data. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2839-2858.
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• Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 2000: Updraft and downdraft statistics of simulated tropical and midlatitude cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1630-1649.
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• Bounoua, L., G. J. Collatz, P. J. Sellers, D. A. Randall, D. A. Dazlich, S. O. Los, J. A. Berry, I. Fung, C. J. Tucker, C. B. Field, and T. G. Jensen, 1999: Interactions between vegetation and climate: Radiative and physiological effects of doubled atmospheric CO2. J. Climate, 12, 309-324.
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• Eitzen, Z., and D. A. Randall, 1999: Sensitivity of the simulated Asian summer monsoon to parameterized physical processes. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 12177-12191.
• Fowler, L. D., and D. A. Randall, 1999: Simulation of upper-tropospheric clouds with the CSU general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6101-6121.
• Kelly, M. A., D. A. Randall, and G. L. Stephens, 1999: A simple radiative-convective model with a hydrologic cycle and interactive clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 125, 837-869.
• Randall, D. A., K. Ide, and R. Wakimoto, 1999: General circulation modeling: Past, present, and future. A Symposium in honor of Akio Arakawa. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 457-462.
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• Randall, D. A., and D. G. Cripe, 1999: Alternative methods for specification of observed forcing in single-column models and cloud system models. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24527-24545.
• Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1999: A sensitivity study of radiative-convective equilibrium in the tropics with a convection-resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3385-3399.
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• Zhang, C., D. A. Dazlich, and D. A. Randall, 1999: Simulation of soil moisture and surface water balance using the Simple Biosphere Model 2. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 77, 217-234.

• D'Andrea, F., S. Tibaldi, M. Blackburn, G. Boer, M. Deque, M.R. Dix, B. Dugas, L. Ferranti, T. Iwasaki, A. Kitoh, V.Pope, D. Randall, E. Roeckner, D. Straus, W. Stern, H. van den Dool and D. Williamson, 1998. Northern hemisphere atmospheric blocking as simulated by 15 atmospheric general circulation models in the period 1979-1988. Climate Dynamics, 14, 385-407.
• Ding, P., and D. A. Randall, 1998: A Cumulus Parameterization with Multiple Cloud Base Levels. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11341-11354.
• Pan, D.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1998: A Cumulus Parameterization with a Prognostic Closure. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 124, 949-981.
• Randall, D. A.,. Curry, D. Battisti, G. Flato, R. Grumbine, S. Hakkinen, D. Martinson, R. Preller, J. Walsh, and J. Weatherly, 1998: Status of and outlook for large-scale modeling of atmosphere-ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 197-219.
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• Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1998: Influence of large-scale advective cooling and moistening effects on the quasi-equilibrium behavior of explicitly simulated cumulus ensembles. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 896-909.
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• Randall, D. A., Q. Shao, and M. Branson, 1998: Representation of Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers In Climate Models. In Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers, A. A. M. Holtslag and P. G. Duynkerke, Eds., Roy. Neth. Acad. Arts and Sci., Amsterdam, pp. 305-322.
• Wielicki, B. A., B. R. Barkstrom, B. A. Baum, T. P. Charlock, R. N. Green, D. P. Karats, R. B. Lee III, P. Minnis, G. L. Smith, T. Won, D.F. Young, R. D. Cess, J.A. Coakley, Jr., D.A.H. Crommelynck, L Donner, R. Kandel, M.D. King, A.J. Miller, V. Ramanathan, D.A. Randall, L.L. Stowe, and R. M. Welch, 1998: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES): Algorithm Overview. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36, 127-1141.

• Cess, R. D., M. H. Zhang, G. L. Potter, V. Alekseev, H. W. Barker, S. Bony, R. A. Colman, D. A. Dazlich, A. D. Del Genio, M. D~Nqu~N, M. R. Dix, V. Dymnikov, M. Esch, L. D. Fowler, J. R. Fraser, V. Galin, W. L. Gates, J. J. Hack, W. J. Ingram, J. T. Kiehl, Y. Kim, H. Le Treut, X. Z. Liang, B. J. McAvaney, V. P. Meleshko, J.-J. Morcrette, D. A. Randall, E. Roeckner, M. E. Schlesinger, P. V. Sporyshev, K. E. Taylor, B. Timbal, E. M. Volodin, W. Wang, W. C. Wang, and R. T. Wetherald, 1997: Comparison of atmospheric general circulation models to satellite observations of the seasonal change in cloud-radiative forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16593-16604.
• Ciais, Ph., A. S. Denning, P. P. Tans, J. A. Berry, D. A. Randall, J. G. Collatz, P. J. Sellers, J. W. C. White, M. Trolier, H. J. Meijer, R. J. Francey, P. Monfray, and M. Heimann, 1997: A three dimensional synthesis study of O in atmospheric CO2. Part 1: Surface fluxes. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5857-5872.
• Ciais, Ph., P. P. Tans, A. S. Denning, R. J. Francey, M. Trolier, H. J. Meijer, J. W. C. White, J. A. Berry, D. A. Randall, J. G. Collatz, P. J. Sellers, P. Monfray, and M. Heimann, 1997: A three dimensional synthesis study of O in atmospheric CO2. Part 2: Simulations with the TM2 transport model. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5873-5884.
• Fung, I., J. Berry, C. Field, M. Thompson, J. Randerson, C. Malmstrom, P. Vitousek, J. Collatz, P. Sellers, D. Randall, F. Badeck, and J. John, 1997: Carbon-13 exchanges between the atmosphere and biosphere. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 11, 507-533.
• Randall, D. A., D.-M. Pan, and P. Ding, 1997: Quasiequilibrium. In The Physics and Parameterization of Moist Atmospheric Convection, R. K. Smith (ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, printed in The Netherlands. pp. 359-385.
• Randall, D. A., P. Ding, and D.-M. Pan, 1997: The Arakawa-Schubert Parameterization. In The Physics and Parameterization of Moist Atmospheric Convection, R. K. Smith (ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, printed in The Netherlands. pp. 281-296.
• Randall, D. A., and B. A. Wielicki, 1997: Measurements, Models, and Hypotheses in the Atmospheric Sciences. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 399-406.
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• Sellers, P. J., R. E. Dickinson, D. A. Randall, A. K. Betts, F. G. Hall, J. A. Berry, C. J. Collatz, A. S. Denning, H. A. Mooney, C. A. Nobre, and N. Sato, 1997: Modeling the exchanges of energy, water, and carbon between the continents and the atmosphere. Science, 275, 502-509.
• Shao, Q., D. A. Randall, and C.-H. Moeng, 1997: A method to determine the radiative and evaporative cooling rates in the entrainment layer of a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 123, 2187-2213.
• Stevens, B., D. A. Randall, M. Montgomery, X. Lin, R. Johnson, and W. Schubert, 1997: Comments on "On Large-Scale Circulations in Convecting Atmospheres". Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 123, 1771-1778
• Zhang, Y., K. R. Sperber, J. S. Boyle, M. Dix, L. Ferranti, A. Kitoh, K. M. Lau, K. Miyakoda, D. Randall, L. Takacs, and R. Wetherald, 1997: East Asian winter monsoon: Results from eight AMIP models. Climate Dynamics, 13, 797-820.

• Bechtold, P., S. K. Krueger, W. S. Lewellen, E. van Meijgaard, C.-H. Moeng, D. A. Randall, A. van Ulden, and S. Wang, 1996: First GCSS boundary layer modeling workshop on a stratocumulus-topped PBL: Intercomparison among different 1D codes and LES. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 2033-2042.
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• Cess, R. D., M. H. Zhang, G. L. Potter, V. Alekseev, H. W. Barker, E. Cohen-Solal, R. A. Colman, D. A. Dazlich, A. D. Del Genio, M. R. Dix, V. Dymnikov, M. Esch, L. D. Fowler, J. R. Fraser, V. Galin, W. L. Gates, J. J. Hack, W. J. Ingram, J. T. Kiehl, H. Le Treut, K. K.-W. Lo, B. J. McAvaney, V. P. Meleshko, J.-J. Morcrette, D. A. Randall, E. Roeckner, J.-F. Royer, M. E. Schlesinger, P. V. Sporyshev, B. Timbal, E. M. Volodin, K. E. Taylor, W. Wang, and R. T. Wetherald, 1996: Cloud Feedback in Atmospheric General Circulation Models: An Update. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12791-12794.
• Curry, J. A., W. B. Rossow, D. A. Randall, and J. L. Schramm, 1996: Overview of Arctic Cloud and Radiation Characteristics. J. Climate, 9, 1731-1764.
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• D'Andrea, F., S. Tibaldi, M. Blackburn, G. Boer, M. Deque, M.R. Dix, B. Dugas, L. Ferranti, T. Iwasaki, A. Kitoh, V.Pope, D. Randall, E. Roeckner, D. Straus, W. Stern, H. van den Dool and D. Williamson, 1996. Northern hemisphere atmospheric blocking as simulated by 15 atmospheric general circulation models in the period 1979-1988. Climate Dynamics, 14, 385-407.
• Denning, A. S., G. J. Collatz, C. Zhang, D. A. Randall, J. A. Berry, P. J. Sellers, G. D. Colello, and D. A. Dazlich, 1996: Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model. Part 1: Surface carbon fluxes. Tellus, 48B, 543 - 567.
• Denning, A. S., D. A. Randall, G. J. Collatz, and P. J. Sellers, 1996: Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model. Part 2: Simulated CO2 concentrations. Tellus, 48B, 521 - 542.
• Fowler, L. D., D. A. Randall, and S. A. Rutledge, 1996: Liquid and Ice Cloud Microphysics in the CSU General Circulation Model. Part 1: Model Description and Simulated Microphysical Processes. J. Climate, 9, 489-529.
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• Fowler, L. D., and D. A. Randall, 1996: Liquid and Ice Cloud Microphysics in the CSU General Circulation Model. Part 3: Sensitivity tests. J. Climate, 9, 561-586.
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• Fowler, L. D., and D. A. Randall, 1996: Liquid and Ice Cloud Microphysics in the CSU General Circulation Model. Part 2: Simulation of the Earth's Radiation Budget. J. Climate, 9, 530-560.
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• Randall, D. A., 1996: A University Perspective on Global Climate Modeling. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 2685-2690.
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• Randall, D. A., K.-M. Xu, R. J. C. Somerville, and S. Iacobellis, 1996: Single-Column Models and Cloud Ensemble Models As Links Between Observations and Climate Models. J. Climate, 9, 1683-1697.
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• Randall, D. A., K.-M. Xu, R. J. C. Somerville, and S. Iacobellis, 1996: Single-Column Models and Cloud Ensemble Models As Links Between Observations and Climate Models. J. Climate, 9, 1683-1697.
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• Randall, D. A., P. J. Sellers, J. A. Berry, D. A. Dazlich, C. Zhang, G. J. Collatz, A. S. Denning, S. O. Los, C. B. Field, I. Fung, C. O. Justice, C. J. Tucker, and L. Bounoua, 1996: A Revised Land-Surface Parameterization (SiB2) for Atmospheric GCMs. Part 3: The Greening of the CSU General Circulation Model. J. Climate, 9, 738-763.
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• Sellers, P. J., L. Bounoua, G. J. Collatz, D. A. Randall, D. Dazlich, S. Los, J. Berry, I. Fung, J. Tucker, C. Field, and T. G. Jensen, 1996: A comparison of the radiative and physiological effects of 2 x CO2 on the global climate. Science, 271, 1402-1405.
• Sellers, P. J., S. O. Los, C. J. Tucker, C. O. Justice, D. A. Dazlich, G. J. Collatz, and D. A. Randall, 1996: A Revised Land-Surface Parameterization (SiB2) for Atmospheric GCMs. Part 2: The generation of global fields of terrestrial biophysical parameters from satellite data. J. Climate, 9, 706-737.
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• Sellers, P. J., D. A. Randall, G. J. Collatz, J. Berry, C. Field, D. A. Dazlich, C. Zhang, and L. Bounoua, 1996: A Revised Land-Surface Parameterization (SiB2) for Atmospheric GCMs. Part 1: Model formulation. J. Climate, 9, 676-705.
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• Shao, Q., and D. A. Randall, 1996: Closed Mesoscale Cellular Convection Driven by Cloud-Top Cooling. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2144-2165.
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• Slingo, J. M., K. R. Sperber, J. S. Boyle, J.-P. Ceron, M. Dix, B. Dugas, W. Ebisuzaki, J. Fyfe, D. Gregory, J.-F. Gueremy, J. Hack, A. Harzallah, P. Inness, A. Kitoh, W. K.-M. Lau, B. McAvaney, R. Madden, A. Matthews, T. N. Palmer, C.-K. Park, D. A. Randall, and N. Renn, 1996: Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 Atmospheric General Circulation Models: Results From an AMIP Diagnostic Subproject. Climate Dynamics, 12, 325-357.
• Wang, J., and D. A. Randall, 1996: A cumulus parameterization based on the generalized convective available potential energy. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 716-727.
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• Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1996: A semi-empirical cloudiness parameterization for use in climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3084-3102.
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• Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1996: Evaluation of statistically based cloudiness parameterizations used in climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3103-3119.
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• Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1996: Explicit simulation of cumulus ensembles with the GATE Phase III data. Comparison with observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3710-3736.
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• Zhang, C., D. A. Randall, and C.-H. Moeng, M. Branson, K. A. Moyer, and Q. Wang, 1996: A surface flux parameterization based on the vertically averaged turbulence kinetic energy. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2521-2536.
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• Zhang, C., D. A. Dazlich, D. A. Randall, P. J. Sellers, and A. S. Denning, 1996: Calculation of the Global Land-Surface Energy, Water, and CO2 Fluxes With an Off-Line Version of SiB2. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19061-19075.

• Ciais, P., P. P. Tans, J. W. C. White, M. Trolier, R. J. Francey, J. A. Berry, D. A. Randall, P. J. Sellers, G. J. Collatz, and D. S. Schimel, 1995: Partitioning of ocean and land uptake of CO as inferred by C measurements from the NOAA/CMDL global air sampling network. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5051-5070.
• Heikes, R. P., and D. A. Randall, 1995: Numerical integration of the shallow water equations on a twisted icosahedral grid. Part II: Grid refinement, accuracy and computational performance. Mon. Wea. Rev.,123, 1881-1887.
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• Heikes, R. P., and D. A. Randall, 1995: Numerical integration of the shallow water equations on a twisted icosahedral grid. Part I: Basic design and results of tests. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1862-1880.
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• Denning, A. S., I. Fung, and D. A. Randall, 1995: Simulation of the atmospheric transport of carbon dioxide with a general circulation model. Nature, 376, 240-243.
• Gleckler, P. J., D. A. Randall, G. Boer, R. Colman, M. Dix, V. Galin, M. Helfand, J. Kiehl, A. Kitoh, W. Lau, X.-Z. Liang, V. Lykossov, McAvaney, K. Miyakoda, S. Planton, and W. Stern, 1995: Interpretation of ocean energy transports implied by atmospheric general circulation models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 791-794.
• Heikes, R. P., and D. A. Randall, 1995: Numerical integration of the shallow water equations on a twisted icosahedral grid. Part I: Basic design and results of tests. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1862-1880.
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• Heikes, R. P., and D. A. Randall, 1995: Numerical integration of the shallow water equations on a twisted icosahedral grid. Part II: Grid refinement, accuracy and computational performance. Mon. Wea. Rev.,123, 1881-1887.
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• Hu, Q., and D. A. Randall, 1995: Low-Frequency Oscillations in Radiative-Convective Systems. Part II: An idealized model. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 478-490.
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• Moeng, C.-H., D. H. Lenschow, and D. A. Randall, 1995: Numerical Investigations of the Roles of Radiative and Evaporative Feedbacks in Stratocumulus Entrainment and Breakup. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2869-2883.
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• Randall, D. A., B. A. Albrecht, S. K. Cox, P. Minnis, W. Rossow, and D. Starr, 1995: On FIRE at Ten. Adv. Geophys., 38, 37-177.
• Weare, B. C., I. Mokhov, M. Blackburn, G. Boer, D. Burridge, K. Campana, D. Cariolle, V. Dymnikov, W. Ebisuzaki, L. Ferranti, L. Fowler, V. Galin, C. Hall, T. Hogan, B. Hunt, T. Iwasaki, W. K.-M. Lau, E. Kalnay, J.-W. Kim, A. Kitoh, H. Le Treut, X.-Z. Liang, K. Lo, J.-F. Mahfouf, V. Meleshko, B. McAvaney, N. McFarlane, C. Mechoso, KI. Miyakoda, J.H. Oh, C.-K. Park, D. A. Randall, E. Roeckner, R. Rood, T. Rosmond, M. Sato, U. Schlese, M. Schlesinger, J. Slingo, W. Stern, D. Straus, T. Tokioka, T. Tsuyuki, H. van den Dool, W.-C. Wang, R. Wetherald, D. Williamson, and Q.-C. Zeng, 1995: Evaluation of Total Cloudiness and its Variability in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. J. Climate, 8, 2224-2238.
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• Wielicki, B. A., R. D. Cess, M. D. King, D. A. Randall, and E. F. Harrison, 1995: Mission to Planet Earth: Role of Clouds and Radiation in Climate. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 2125-2153.
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• Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1995: Impact of Interactive Radiative Transfer on the Macroscopic Behavior of Explicitly Simulated Cumulus Ensembles. Part 1: Radiation Parameterization and Sensitivity Tests. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 785-799.
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• Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1995: Impact of Interactive Radiative Transfer on the Macroscopic Behavior of Explicitly Simulated Cumulus Ensembles. Part 2: Mechanisms for Cloud-Radiation Interactions. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 800-817.

• Numerical Integration of the Shallow-Water Equations on a Twisted Icosahedral Grid. Part I: Basic Design and Results of Tests; Heikes & Randall; 1994.
• Fowler, L. D., and D. A. Randall, 1994: A Global Radiative-Convective Feedback. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2035 - 2038.
• Hu, Q., and D. A. Randall, 1994: Low-Frequency Oscillations in Radiative-Convective Systems. , 51, 1089-1099.
• Randall, D. A., Q. Hu, K.-M. Xu, and S. K. Krueger, 1994: Radiative-Convective Disequilibrium. Atmos. Res., 31, 315-327.
• Randall, D. A., R. D. Cess, J. P. Blanchet, S. Chalita, R. Colman, D. A. Dazlich, A. D. Del Genio, V. Dymnikov, V. Galin, D. Jarrett, E. Keup, A. Lacis, H. Le Treut, X.-Z. Liang, B. J. McAvaney, J. F. Mahfouf, V. P. Meleshko, J. F. B. Mitchell, J.-J. Morcrette, P. M. Norris, G. L. Potter, L. Rikus, E. Roeckner, J. F. Royer, U. Schlese, D. A. Sheinin, J. M. Slingo, A. P. Sokolov, K. E. Taylor, W. M. Washington, R. T. Wetherald, I. Yagai, and M.-H. Zhang, 1994: Analysis of Snow Feedbacks In Fourteen General Circulation Models. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,757-20,771.
• Randall, D. A., 1994: Geostrophic adjustment and the finite-difference shallow-water equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1371-1377.
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• Sellers, P. J., S. O. Los, C. J. Tucker, C. O. Justice, D. A. Dazlich, G. J. Collatz, and D. A. Randall, 1994: A global 1? x 1? NDVI data set for climate studies. Part 2: The generation of global fields of terrestrial biophysical parameters from the NDVI. Inter. J. Remote Sensing, 15, 3519-3545.
• Stephens, G. L., A. Slingo, M. J. Webb, P. J. Minnett, P H. Daum, L. Kleinman, I. L. Wittmeyer, and D. A. Randall, 1994: Observations of the Earth?s Radiation Budget in Relation to Atmospheric Hydrology. Part IV: Atmospheric Column Radiative Cooling Over the Worlds? Oceans. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18585 - 18604.
• Wang, J., and D. A. Randall, 1994: The moist available energy of a conditionally unstable atmosphere, II: Further analysis of the GATE data. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 703-710.
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• Cess, R. D., M.-H. Zhang, G. L. Potter, H. Barker, R. A. Colman, D. A. Dazlich, A. D. Del Genio, M. Esch, J. R. Fraser, V. Galin, W. L. Gates, J. J. Hack, J. T. Kiehl, A. Lacis, X - Z. Liang, J. F. Mahfouf, B. J. McAvaney, V. P. Meleshko, J. - J. Morcrette, D. A. Randall, E. Roeckner, J. - F. Royer, D. A. Sheinin, A. P. Sokolov, K. E. Taylor, W. - C. Wang, and R. T. Wetherald, 1993: Intercomparison of CO Radiative Forcing in General Circulation Models. , 262, 1252 - 1255.
• McCormick, M. P., D. M. Winker, E. V. Browell, J. A. Coakley, C. S. Gardner, R. M. Hoff, G. S. Kent, S. H. Melfi, R. T. Menzies, C. M. R. Platt, D. A.Randall, and J. A. Reagan, 1993: Science Investigations Planned for the Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 205 - 214.
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• Randall, D. A., and D.-M. Pan, 1993: Implementation of the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization with a prognostic closure. In Cumulus Parameterization, a Meteorological Monograph published by the American Meteorological Society, K. Emanuel and D. Raymond, Eds., pp. 137 - 144.
• Stephens, G. L., D. A. Randall, S. J. Tjemkes, I. L. Wittmeyer, and D. A. Dazlich 1993: The Earth's Radiation Budget in Relation to Atmospheric Hydrology Cycle. Part III. Comparison of observations with a GCM. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 4931 - 4950.

• Randall, D. A., and J. Wang, 1992: The moist available energy of a conditionally unstable atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 240-255.
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• Randall, D. A., R. D. Cess, J. P. Blanchet, G. Boer, A. DelGenio, M. Deque, V. Dymnikov, V. Galin, W. L. Gates, S. J. Ghan, J. T. Kiehl, A., Lacis, H. Le Treut, Z.-X. Li, X.-S. Liang, B. J. McAvaney, V. P. Meleshko, J. F. B. Mitchell, J. J. Morcrette, G. L. Potter, L. Rikus, E. Roeckner, J. F. Royer, U. Schlese, D. A. Sheinin, A. Slingo, A. P. Sokolov, K. E. Taylor, W. M. Washington, R. T. Wetherald, I. Yagai, and M.H. Zhang, 1992: Intercomparison and Interpretation of Surface Energy Fluxes in Atmospheric General Circulation Models. J. Geophys. Res., , 3711 - 3724.
• Randall, D. A., Q. Shao, and C.-H. Moeng 1992: A Second-Order Bulk Boundary-Layer Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1903-1923.
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• Moeng, C.-H., S. Shen, and D. A. Randall, 1992: Physical Processes within the Nocturnal Stratus-Topped Boundary Layer.

• Cess, R. D., G. L. Potter, M.-H. Zhang, J.-P. Blanchet, S. Chalita, R. Coleman, D. Dazlich, A. D. Del Genio, V. Dymnikov, V. Galin, D. Jerrett, E. Keup, A. Lacis, H. Le Treut, X.-Z. Liang, J.-F. Mahfouf, B. J. McAvaney, V. P. Meleshko, J. F. B. Mitchell, J.-J. Morcrette, P. M. Norris, D. A. Randall, L. Rikus, E. Roeckner, J.-F. Royer, U. Schlese, D. A. Sheinin, J. M. Slingo, A. P. Sokolov, K. E. Taylor, W. M. Washington, R. T. Wetherald, and I. Yagai, 1991: Interpretation of Snow-Climate Feedback as Produced by 17 General Circulation Models. Science, , 888-892.
• Randall, D. A., Harshvardhan, and D. A. Dazlich, 1991: Diurnal Variability of the Hydrologic Cycle in a General Circulation Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 40-62.
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• Randall, D. A., and S. Tjemkes, 1991: Clouds, the Earth's Radiation Budget, and the Hydrologic Cycle. , , 3-9.
• Schmitt, C., and D. A. Randall, 1991: The effects of surface temperature and clouds on the CO2 forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9159-9168.

• Cess, R. D., G. L. Potter, J. P. Blanchet, G. Boer, A. DelGenio, M. Deque, V. Dymnikov, V. Galin, W. L. Gates, S. J. Ghan, J. T. Kiehl, A., Lacis, H. Le Treut, Z.-X. Li, X.-S. Liang, B. J. McAvaney, V. P. Meleshko, J. F. B. Mitchell, J. J. Morcrette, D. A. Randall, L. Rikus, E. Roeckner, J. F. Royer, U. Schlese, D. A. Sheinin, A. Slingo, A. P. Sokolov, K. E. Taylor, W. M. Washington, R. T. Wetherald, I. Yagai, and M.H. Zhang, 1990: Intercomparison and Interpretation of Climate Feedback Processes in 19 Atmospheric General Circulation Models. J. Geophys. Res., , 16601-16615.
• Harshvardhan, D. A. Randall, and D. A. Dazlich, 1990: Relationship between the longwave cloud radiative forcing at the surface and the top of the atmosphere. J. Climate, 3, 1435-1443.
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Selected Non-Refereed BUGS Related Publications

• Konor, C. S. Ross Heikes, 2008: Documentation of CSU Generalized-Vertical Coordinate Dynamical Core. Technical Report, Colorado State University, 27pp.
• Konor, C. S. and A. Arakawa, 2008: Incorporation of a new PBL parameterization into a General Circulation Model. Atmospheric Science Report Colorado State University, 70pp.

• Konor, C. S. and A. Arakawa, 2006: Multi-point Differencing (MED) for Efficient Integrations of the Wave Equation. Atmospheric Science Report No. 769, Colorado State University, 52pp.

• Konor, C. S. and A. Arakawa, 2005: Incorporation of Moist Processes and A PBL Parameterization into The Generalized Vertical Coordinate Model. Atmospheric Science Report No. 765, Colorado State University, 74pp.
• Jung, J.-H., and A. Arakawa, 2005: A Three-Dimensional Cloud Model Based on the Vector Vorticity Equation. Atmospheric Science Paper No. 762, Colorado State University, 56pp.

• D. A. Randall, 2004: The new CSU dynamical core; Paper presented at the Seminar on Recent Developments in Numerical Methods of Atmosphere and Ocean Modeling. ECMWF.

• Randall, D. A., R. Heikes, and T. Ringler, 2000: Global atmospheric modeling using a geodesic grid with an isentropic vertical coordinate. In General Circulation Model Development, Academic Press, pp. 509 - 538.
• Randall, D. A., J. Curry, P. Duynkerke, S. Krueger, M. Miller, B. Ryan, D. Starr, W. Rossow, G. Tselioudis, and B. Wielicki, 2000: The second GEWEX Cloud Systems Study Science and Implementation plan. Int. GEWEX Project Office Ser. No. 34, 45 pp. Available from the International GEWEX Project Office.

• Randall, D. A., and L. D. Fowler, 1999: Eauliq: The Next Generation. Atmospheric Science Paper No. 673, Colorado State University, 65 pp.
• Randall, D. A., R. Cederwall, S. Ghan, T. Del Genio, and S. Krueger, 1999: ARM Single-Column Modeling: The Next Five Years. To be published by D.O.E.
• Lappen, C.-L., 1999: The unification of mass flux and higher-order closure in the simulation of boundary layer turbulence. Atmospheric Science Paper 679, Colorado State University, 329 pp.
• Jensen, T. G., 1999: Description of a thermodynamic ocean modelling system, TOMS. Atmospheric Science Paper No. 670, Colorado State University, 50 pp (D. A. Randall, Principal Investigator).

• Ringler, T. D., R. P. Heikes, and D. A. Randall, 1998: Solving the primitive equations on a spherical geodesic grid: A technical report to a new class of dynamical cores. Atmospheric Science Paper No. 665, Colorado State University, 62 pp.

• Lappen, C.-L. and D. A. Randall, 1996: Comparison of the Simulated Arctic Climate of the CSU GCM with Observations. Atmospheric Science Paper No. 614, Colorado State University.
• Jensen, T. G., D. A. Dazlich, and D. A. Randall, 1996: A one-dimensional mixed layer ocean and sea ice model with prescribed oceanic heat transport. Atmospheric Science Report No. 593, Colorado State University, 48 pp.

• Randall, D. A., 1992: Global Climate Models: What and How. In Global Warming: Physics and Facts. B. G. Levi, D. Hafemeister, and R. Scribner, Eds. American Physical Society. pp. 24 - 35.
• Smith, L. D. and D. A. Randall, 1992: Parameterization of Cloud Microphysical Processes in the CSU General Circulation Model. Atmospheric Science Paper No. 491, Colorado State University, 58 pp.

Theses and Dissertations